Lender DSCR = gross revenue ÷ (first-lien P&I + taxes + insurance). This is the qualification ratio the DSCR lender underwrites. It ignores the seller second and it ignores operating expenses. Green at 1.20+, amber at 1.00–1.19, red below 1.00.
True DSCR = gross revenue ÷ (first-lien debt service + second-lien debt service + taxes + insurance). This is the honest one. The gap between the two tiles is exactly the cost of the carryback. Green at 1.10+, amber at 1.00–1.09, red below.
Cap Rate = NOI ÷ purchase price, where NOI = gross − (other opex + taxes + insurance + management fee). Unlevered — it says nothing about your financing.
Cash Flow is reported two ways and the difference is the management fee:
- Self-managed — the management percentage is added back. This is the tile on the dashboard. It assumes the client does the work.
- Pro-managed — management is a real expense. This is the number to plan on for an absentee owner.
Both subtract total annual debt service on both liens. Green above $2,000/yr, amber down to −$3,000, red below.
Cash-on-Cash = annual cash flow ÷ cash to close. Green at 8%+, amber at 0–8%, red if negative. Reported self-managed and pro-managed in the returns table.
Cash to Close is graded against Max out-of-pocket. Liquidity Kept is cash + liquid assets − cash to close: green above $100K, amber above zero, red if the deal drains them. A deal that closes and leaves no reserves is a deal that fails on the first insurance renewal.
The EST vs T12 columns. The Returns table prints every metric twice — once on your estimate, once on the seller's confirmed trailing twelve. Blanks show ⏳ awaiting. Present the T12 column. The EST column exists to tell you what to ask for, not what to believe. Once the T12 is entered it drives the tiles, the headline, and the letter.
Subject-To Comparison models taking over the existing loan with the seller carrying the rest, and prints a verdict: subject-to wins by $X/yr, or the new DSCR structure wins. It needs the existing balance and rate. Roughly: sub-4% existing rate and subject-to usually wins; 6%+ and it is not worth the complexity.